The effect of radiation therapy on fertility and sexual function

For males

For females

• Radiation therapy can damage sperm or reduce sperm production. This may be temporary or permanent.
• Most doctors suggest using contraception and not having unprotected sex during and for one month after radiation therapy treatment.
• Radiation therapy can damage the blood vessels and nerves that produce erections. This sometimes leads to problems getting and keeping erections. Your doctor may prescribe medicine or refer you to a specialist clinic to manage erection issues.
• You will be able to store sperm at a hospital or fertility clinic before treatment starts. Talk to your doctor about this.

• Radiation therapy can cause the vagina to become shorter and narrower, making intercourse painful.

• Your doctor may suggest using a vaginal dilator after treatment ends and the area has healed. A vaginal dilator can help gradually widen the entrance and prevent the side walls sticking together. Your doctor or a physiotherapist can provide practical advice on how to use a dilator.

• Talk to your doctor about creams and moisturisers to help with vaginal discomfort and dryness.

• Extra lubrication may make sexual intercourse more comfortable. Choose a water-based or silicone‑based gel without perfumes or colouring.

• In some cases, radiation therapy can stop the ovaries producing oestrogen and progesterone. This can cause menopause – after menopause you will not be able to conceive a child.

• Menopause hormone therapy (MHT) may help with menopause symptoms.